Orange County, Indiana Court Filings Intelligence
Live court-record analysis of property-related filings (foreclosure, probate, divorce, partition, guardianship). Data sourced direct from Orange County court dockets. Updated 2026-07-15. See methodology.
- Filing volume accelerating (+23.1%) — last 3 complete months (64 filings) vs prior 3 complete months (52 filings). Excludes the current calendar month (in progress).
- 40.3% of filings are Divorce — the dominant lead category in Orange County during the observed window.
About Orange County
Orange County is located in Southern Indiana in the United States. As of 2020, its population was 19,867. The county seat is Paoli. The county has four incorporated settlements with a total population of about 8,600, as well as several small unincorporated communities. It is divided into 10 townships which provide local services. One U.S. route and five Indiana state roads pass through or into the county.
Source: Wikipedia
At a glance
1289 verified property-related court filings tracked across 61 months (Jan 2020 to Jun 2026).
0% of filings involve owners whose mailing address differs from the property address (1 of 1289 filings).
$139,050 median estimated property value across the 10 filings with property-enrichment data (1% coverage).
3.2% Indiana unemployment rate (BLS, as of 2026-05). Filings should be read against the local-economy backdrop.
Filing type breakdown
| Filing type | Filings | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Divorce | 519 | 40.3% | |
| Probate | 338 | 26.2% | |
| Guardianship | 172 | 13.3% | |
| Partition | 132 | 10.2% | |
| Pre-Foreclosure | 128 | 9.9% |
Each row is a distinct case verified for current owner-of-record before inclusion.
Get the full Orange County lead list
Day-of-filing access with owner names, phone numbers, and property details. 7-day free trial, no credit card.
Monthly filing activity
| Month | Filings | vs prior | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 2020 | 29 | ||
| Feb 2020 | 22 | -7 | |
| Mar 2020 | 21 | -1 | |
| Apr 2020 | 10 | -11 | |
| May 2020 | 20 | +10 | |
| Jun 2020 | 22 | +2 | |
| Jul 2020 | 30 | +8 | |
| Aug 2020 | 20 | -10 | |
| Sep 2020 | 25 | +5 | |
| Oct 2020 | 34 | +9 | |
| Nov 2020 | 16 | -18 | |
| Dec 2020 | 17 | +1 | |
| Jan 2021 | 15 | -2 | |
| Feb 2021 | 11 | -4 | |
| Mar 2021 | 22 | +11 | |
| Apr 2021 | 28 | +6 | |
| May 2021 | 15 | -13 | |
| Jun 2021 | 21 | +6 | |
| Jul 2021 | 10 | -11 | |
| Aug 2021 | 24 | +14 | |
| Sep 2021 | 22 | -2 | |
| Oct 2021 | 16 | -6 | |
| Nov 2021 | 11 | -5 | |
| Dec 2021 | 16 | +5 | |
| Jan 2022 | 31 | +15 | |
| Feb 2022 | 22 | -9 | |
| Mar 2022 | 31 | +9 | |
| Apr 2022 | 22 | -9 | |
| May 2022 | 19 | -3 | |
| Jun 2022 | 23 | +4 | |
| Jul 2022 | 22 | -1 | |
| Aug 2022 | 33 | +11 | |
| Sep 2022 | 16 | -17 | |
| Oct 2022 | 25 | +9 | |
| Nov 2022 | 23 | -2 | |
| Dec 2022 | 17 | -6 | |
| Jan 2023 | 28 | +11 | |
| Feb 2023 | 30 | +2 | |
| Mar 2023 | 24 | -6 | |
| Apr 2023 | 12 | -12 | |
| May 2023 | 18 | +6 | |
| Jun 2023 | 17 | -1 | |
| Jul 2023 | 20 | +3 | |
| Aug 2023 | 23 | +3 | |
| Sep 2023 | 26 | +3 | |
| Oct 2023 | 23 | -3 | |
| Nov 2023 | 31 | +8 | |
| Dec 2023 | 12 | -19 | |
| May 2024 | 21 | +9 | |
| Jun 2024 | 23 | +2 | |
| Dec 2024 | 18 | -5 | |
| Feb 2025 | 23 | +5 | |
| Mar 2025 | 19 | -4 | |
| Apr 2025 | 25 | +6 | |
| May 2025 | 19 | -6 | |
| Jun 2025 | 23 | +4 | |
| Sep 2025 | 10 | -13 | |
| Oct 2025 | 19 | +9 | |
| Nov 2025 | 21 | +2 | |
| Feb 2026 | 24 | +3 | |
| Jun 2026 | 19 | -5 |
Each row reflects new filings entering the dataset that month, after ownership verification. Most recent month may be partial.
Geographic concentration by ZIP
Top 4 ZIPs in Orange County account for 0.5% of all tracked filings, showing where distressed real estate activity clusters.
| ZIP | City | Filings | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47454 | PAOLI | 3 | 0.2% | |
| 47432 | FRENCH LICK | 2 | 0.2% | |
| 47469 | WEST BADEN | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 47452 | ORLEANS | 1 | 0.1% |
Based on filings with a parseable property address (1% of Orange County filings).
Target these ZIP codes before your competitors
Keystone delivers new filings with verified owner contact info the same day they hit the court docket.
Property value distribution
| Estimated value | Filings | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under $75k | 2 | 20.0% | |
| $75k - $150k | 4 | 40.0% | |
| $150k - $250k | 3 | 30.0% | |
| $250k - $400k | 1 | 10.0% |
Source: third-party property enrichment (1% coverage on Orange County filings). Median $139,050; mean $147,930.
These properties are in your market right now
Get owner names, phone numbers, and property details for every new filing in Orange County. One subscriber per county.
Day-of-week filing pattern
| Day | Filings | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sun | 6 | 0.5% | |
| Mon | 281 | 21.8% | |
| Tue | 259 | 20.1% | |
| Wed | 236 | 18.3% | |
| Thu | 234 | 18.2% | |
| Fri | 268 | 20.8% | |
| Sat | 5 | 0.4% |
Filings cluster Monday through Friday, with weekend filings essentially absent (court system closed). Computed for 1289 filings with a parseable date.
Building characteristics
Per-property details from third-party property enrichment, aggregated across the 10 filings with characteristic data:
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Median living area | 42,447 sqft |
| Median lot size | 8.29 acres |
| Owner-occupied (at time of enrichment) | 0.0% |
Housing stock + distress signals
Underlying housing stock and distress indicators across all 9083 Orange County housing units, from US Census ACS 5-year data. National reference values shown for context.
| Indicator | Orange County | US average |
|---|---|---|
| Vacancy rate (incl. seasonal + for-sale) | 12.0% | 10.5% |
| Share of owner-occupied units carrying a mortgage | 53.3% | 60.8% |
| Pre-1940 housing stock | 17.1% | 12.3% |
| Single-family detached share of housing stock | 74.9% | 61.2% |
| Residents age 65 or older | 20.3% | 17.3% |
Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS 2023 5-year). National reference values are ACS 2022 5-year US totals. Why these matter: vacancy rate is the strongest single proxy for distressed inventory; mortgage-carrying share defines the risk pool exposed to rate environment; pre-1940 stock signals deferred maintenance and renovation opportunity; senior population correlates with probate pipeline depth.
Rent benchmark (HUD Fair Market Rent)
HUD sets Fair Market Rents at the metro area level — the same FMRs apply to every county within the metro. Orange County sits within the Orange County, IN. Used to set Section 8 voucher amounts; investors use it as a defensible rent-estimate floor for buy-to-rent underwriting.
| Unit size | Fair market rent / month |
|---|---|
| Efficiency / studio | $685 |
| 1-bedroom | $729 |
| 2-bedroom | $956 |
| 3-bedroom | $1,330 |
| 4-bedroom | $1,564 |
Source: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Market Rents (None). 40th-percentile gross rent including utilities. Why this matters: Section-8-eligible tenants are a baseline demand floor for rental inventory at these price points; FMR is the official ceiling for voucher-eligible rents.
New construction (market momentum)
Annual building permits filed in Orange County from the US Census Building Permits Survey. Trend signal on whether new housing demand is accelerating or contracting in this market.
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Total housing units permitted (2025) | 10 |
| Year-over-year change (2024 → 2025) | -82.8% |
| Single-family share of permits (2025) | 100.0% |
| Single-family units permitted | 10 |
| Multifamily units permitted (2+ units per building) | 0 |
Source: US Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, annual cumulative data. Why this matters: permits trending up signals strong demand for new inventory; permits contracting at the same time foreclosure activity rises indicates broader market softening (deals price differently). Multifamily share shows whether the market is densifying or holding to single-family stock.
Macro context: state home prices and national delinquency
Orange County filings should be read against the broader housing-market backdrop. Indiana state home-price trend and the national mortgage-delinquency rate are the two macro signals most directly relevant to foreclosure exposure.
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Indiana home price index (year-over-year) | +4.3% | 2026-01-01 |
| Indiana home price index (cumulative since 2020) | +64.9% | 2026-01-01 |
| National mortgage delinquency rate (30+ day, single-family) | 1.89% | 2026-01-01 |
Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency state house price indices (FRED series INSTHPI); Federal Reserve Board, Mortgage Delinquency 30+Day Rate on Single-Family Residential Mortgages (FRED series DRSFRMACBS). Updated quarterly. Free public data.
Be the first investor to reach these owners
Orange County leads are delivered the same day they're filed. 7-day free trial, no credit card required.
Filing velocity by case type
How each distress category is trending — are foreclosures accelerating while divorces cool, or vice versa? This breakdown is only possible with direct court-record data.
| Case type | Total | Share | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Divorce | 519 | 40.3% | -20.8% |
| Probate | 338 | 26.2% | +11.8% |
| Guardianship | 172 | 13.3% | +85.7% |
| Partition | 132 | 10.2% | -14.3% |
| Pre-Foreclosure | 128 | 9.9% | -41.7% |
Trend = recent 2-3 month volume vs prior 2-3 months (current partial month excluded). Positive = accelerating; negative = cooling.
Seasonal filing patterns
Court filings peak in Jan and are lowest in Dec. The 1.6x peak-to-trough ratio suggests strong seasonal patterns — investors who time their outreach around Jan can reach more distressed homeowners.
| Month | Avg filings | Relative |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25.8 | 100% |
| Feb | 22 | 85% |
| Mar | 23.4 | 91% |
| Apr | 19.4 | 75% |
| May | 18.7 | 72% |
| Jun | 21.1 | 82% |
| Jul | 20.5 | 79% |
| Aug | 25 | 97% |
| Sep | 19.8 | 77% |
| Oct | 23.4 | 91% |
| Nov | 20.4 | 79% |
| Dec | 16 | 62% |
Average filings per calendar month across all observed years. Relative column shows each month as a percentage of the peak month (Jan), with a 1.6x peak-to-trough ratio.
ZIP code distress hotspots
Distress is geographically dispersed across 4 ZIP codes, with no single area dominating.
| ZIP | Area | Filings | Share | Median value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47454 | Paoli | 3 | 0.2% | $97,100 |
| 47432 | French Lick | 2 | 0.2% | $118,850 |
| 47469 | West Baden | 1 | 0.1% | $143,400 |
| 47452 | Orleans | 1 | 0.1% | $332,600 |
Top 4 of 4 ZIP codes with filings.
Non-resident owner analysis
Most filings (100%) involve owner-occupied properties. The relatively low absentee rate suggests distress is primarily hitting homeowners, not institutional investors.
| Case type | Total filings | Non-resident % |
|---|---|---|
| Divorce | 519 | 0.2% |
| Probate | 338 | 0.0% |
| Guardianship | 172 | 0.0% |
| Partition | 132 | 0.0% |
| Pre-Foreclosure | 128 | 0.0% |
Non-resident = owner's mailing address differs from the property address. Could indicate out-of-state landlords, inherited estates, second homes, or in-transition properties.
Target absentee and distressed owners directly
Every lead includes the owner's contact information and property details. Exclusive to one subscriber per county.
Distress composition and shifts
Probate, Guardianship share is rising. Divorce, Pre-Foreclosure share is declining. High diversity in distress types suggests multiple independent factors driving court filings, not a single economic shock.
| Case type | Recent share | Earlier share | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|
| Probate | 34.9% | 25.9% | +9.0pp (rising) |
| Divorce | 30.2% | 40.6% | -10.4pp (falling) |
| Guardianship | 18.6% | 13.2% | +5.4pp (rising) |
| Partition | 11.6% | 10.2% | +1.4pp |
| Pre-Foreclosure | 4.7% | 10.1% | -5.4pp (falling) |
Distress diversity score: 2.07 (Shannon entropy; higher = more diverse distress sources). "Recent" = last 2 complete months; "Earlier" = all prior months.
Distress Capital Analysis
$1,479,300 in assessed property value is currently tied up in 10 court-filed properties.
Capital at Risk by Filing Type
| Filing Type | Total Value | Properties | Avg Value | High Equity % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divorce | $671,500 | 6 | $111,917 | -- |
Based on 10 properties with assessor valuations (0.8% of 1289 total filings). Values are county assessor estimates. Equity calculated from estimated value vs outstanding mortgage balance where available.
Market Absorption & Turnover Analysis
1,289 court filings tracked with 0 resolved (0.0% absorption rate). The court system is accumulating cases faster than they resolve, creating a growing backlog of 1,289 active cases.
| Month | New Filings | Resolved | Net | Inflow | Absorption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 2020 | 29 | 0 | +29 | 0.0% | |
| Feb 2020 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 0.0% | |
| Mar 2020 | 21 | 0 | +21 | 0.0% | |
| Apr 2020 | 10 | 0 | +10 | 0.0% | |
| May 2020 | 20 | 0 | +20 | 0.0% | |
| Jun 2020 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 0.0% | |
| Jul 2020 | 30 | 0 | +30 | 0.0% | |
| Aug 2020 | 20 | 0 | +20 | 0.0% | |
| Sep 2020 | 25 | 0 | +25 | 0.0% | |
| Oct 2020 | 34 | 0 | +34 | 0.0% | |
| Nov 2020 | 16 | 0 | +16 | 0.0% | |
| Dec 2020 | 17 | 0 | +17 | 0.0% | |
| Jan 2021 | 15 | 0 | +15 | 0.0% | |
| Feb 2021 | 11 | 0 | +11 | 0.0% | |
| Mar 2021 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 0.0% | |
| Apr 2021 | 28 | 0 | +28 | 0.0% | |
| May 2021 | 15 | 0 | +15 | 0.0% | |
| Jun 2021 | 21 | 0 | +21 | 0.0% | |
| Jul 2021 | 10 | 0 | +10 | 0.0% | |
| Aug 2021 | 24 | 0 | +24 | 0.0% | |
| Sep 2021 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 0.0% | |
| Oct 2021 | 16 | 0 | +16 | 0.0% | |
| Nov 2021 | 11 | 0 | +11 | 0.0% | |
| Dec 2021 | 16 | 0 | +16 | 0.0% | |
| Jan 2022 | 31 | 0 | +31 | 0.0% | |
| Feb 2022 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 0.0% | |
| Mar 2022 | 31 | 0 | +31 | 0.0% | |
| Apr 2022 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 0.0% | |
| May 2022 | 19 | 0 | +19 | 0.0% | |
| Jun 2022 | 23 | 0 | +23 | 0.0% | |
| Jul 2022 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 0.0% | |
| Aug 2022 | 33 | 0 | +33 | 0.0% | |
| Sep 2022 | 16 | 0 | +16 | 0.0% | |
| Oct 2022 | 25 | 0 | +25 | 0.0% | |
| Nov 2022 | 23 | 0 | +23 | 0.0% | |
| Dec 2022 | 17 | 0 | +17 | 0.0% | |
| Jan 2023 | 28 | 0 | +28 | 0.0% | |
| Feb 2023 | 30 | 0 | +30 | 0.0% | |
| Mar 2023 | 24 | 0 | +24 | 0.0% | |
| Apr 2023 | 12 | 0 | +12 | 0.0% | |
| May 2023 | 18 | 0 | +18 | 0.0% | |
| Jun 2023 | 17 | 0 | +17 | 0.0% | |
| Jul 2023 | 20 | 0 | +20 | 0.0% | |
| Aug 2023 | 23 | 0 | +23 | 0.0% | |
| Sep 2023 | 26 | 0 | +26 | 0.0% | |
| Oct 2023 | 23 | 0 | +23 | 0.0% | |
| Nov 2023 | 31 | 0 | +31 | 0.0% | |
| Dec 2023 | 12 | 0 | +12 | 0.0% | |
| May 2024 | 21 | 0 | +21 | 0.0% | |
| Jun 2024 | 23 | 0 | +23 | 0.0% | |
| Dec 2024 | 18 | 0 | +18 | 0.0% | |
| Feb 2025 | 23 | 0 | +23 | 0.0% | |
| Mar 2025 | 19 | 0 | +19 | 0.0% | |
| Apr 2025 | 25 | 0 | +25 | 0.0% | |
| May 2025 | 19 | 0 | +19 | 0.0% | |
| Jun 2025 | 23 | 0 | +23 | 0.0% | |
| Sep 2025 | 10 | 0 | +10 | 0.0% | |
| Oct 2025 | 19 | 0 | +19 | 0.0% | |
| Nov 2025 | 21 | 0 | +21 | 0.0% | |
| Feb 2026 | 24 | 0 | +24 | 0.0% | |
| Jun 2026 | 19 | 0 | +19 | 0.0% |
Resolution by Case Type
| Case Type | Filed | Resolved | Absorption | Avg Days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divorce | 519 | 0 | 0.0% | n/a |
| Probate | 338 | 0 | 0.0% | n/a |
| Guardianship | 172 | 0 | 0.0% | n/a |
| Partition | 132 | 0 | 0.0% | n/a |
| Pre-Foreclosure | 128 | 0 | 0.0% | n/a |
Absorption rate measures the percentage of filed cases that have reached a terminal resolution (judgment, dismissal, settlement, or sale). A low absorption rate indicates a growing backlog of active cases in the court system. Resolution timing based on 0 resolved cases out of 1289 total filings.
Case Aging & Stall Analysis
1,196 cases (92.8%) have been active for over a year without resolution. 12 filings in the last <30 days represent fresh opportunities.
| Age | Total | Resolved | Still active | Resolution rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <30 days | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0.0% |
| 30-90 days | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0.0% |
| 3-6 months | 24 | 0 | 24 | 0.0% |
| 6-12 months | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0.0% |
| 1-2 years | 127 | 0 | 127 | 0.0% |
| 2+ years | 1,069 | 0 | 1,069 | 0.0% |
Resolution speed by case type
| Case type | Total | Resolved | Rate | Median days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divorce | 519 | 0 | 0.0% | — |
| Probate | 338 | 0 | 0.0% | — |
| Guardianship | 172 | 0 | 0.0% | — |
| Partition | 132 | 0 | 0.0% | — |
| Pre-Foreclosure | 128 | 0 | 0.0% | — |
Case aging computed from filing date to present for unresolved cases. Resolution classified from court docket entries (judgments, settlements, dismissals, sheriff sales). Cases with a resolution event are removed from the stall count.
Quarterly Filing Volume Trends
Filing trends across 15 comparable quarters show 802 tracked filings in Orange County. Most recent quarter (2026 Q2: 19) was declining vs prior (2026 Q1: 24, -20.8%). Divorce shows the largest composition shift, declining share from 42.5% to 31.6%.
| Quarter | Total | Divorce | Probate | Guardianship | Pre-Foreclosure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 Q1 | 84 | 28 (33.3%) | 27 (32.1%) | 4 (4.8%) | 13 (15.5%) |
| 2022 Q2 | 64 | 27 (42.2%) | 20 (31.2%) | 3 (4.7%) | 8 (12.5%) |
| 2022 Q3 | 71 | 39 (54.9%) | 13 (18.3%) | 7 (9.9%) | 8 (11.3%) |
| 2022 Q4 | 65 | 32 (49.2%) | 12 (18.5%) | 9 (13.8%) | 8 (12.3%) |
| 2023 Q1 | 82 | 29 (35.4%) | 20 (24.4%) | 17 (20.7%) | 10 (12.2%) |
| 2023 Q2 | 47 | 17 (36.2%) | 15 (31.9%) | 5 (10.6%) | 4 (8.5%) |
| 2023 Q3 | 69 | 33 (47.8%) | 12 (17.4%) | 9 (13.0%) | 9 (13.0%) |
| 2023 Q4 | 66 | 18 (27.3%) | 19 (28.8%) | 14 (21.2%) | 9 (13.6%) |
| 2024 Q2 | 44 | 16 (36.4%) | 12 (27.3%) | 9 (20.5%) | 5 (11.4%) |
| 2024 Q4 | 18 | 5 (27.8%) | 5 (27.8%) | 4 (22.2%) | 3 (16.7%) |
| 2025 Q1 | 42 | 14 (33.3%) | 12 (28.6%) | 7 (16.7%) | 3 (7.1%) |
| 2025 Q2 | 67 | 20 (29.9%) | 23 (34.3%) | 5 (7.5%) | 12 (17.9%) |
| 2025 Q4 | 40 | 15 (37.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | 8 (20.0%) | 8 (20.0%) |
| 2026 Q1 | 24 | 8 (33.3%) | 7 (29.2%) | 6 (25.0%) | 1 (4.2%) |
| 2026 Q2 | 19 | 5 (26.3%) | 8 (42.1%) | 2 (10.5%) | 1 (5.3%) |
Composition shift: Divorce filings are declining share, moving from 42.5% to 31.6% of total filings (-11.0 percentage points).
Only comparable quarters shown (collection ramp-up periods excluded). Filing dates from verified court records. Current partial quarter excluded from trend calculations.
Repeat litigation patterns in Orange County
Of 1,099 unique property owners in court filings, 124 (11.3%) appear in multiple cases, including 37 with 3 or more filings. The most active repeat filer has 11 cases spanning 53 months. Guardianship cases have the highest repeat rate at 25.9%.
Repeat rate by case type
| Case type | Repeat owners | Total owners | Repeat rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Divorce | 86 | 432 | 19.9% |
| Probate | 45 | 310 | 14.5% |
| Guardianship | 38 | 147 | 25.9% |
| Partition | 4 | 131 | 3.1% |
Analysis based on 1,099 unique owner names across court filings. Repeat filers are property owners appearing in 2 or more distinct cases.
Why these filings are invisible on most public foreclosure sites
The largest public foreclosure-aggregator interfaces surface only post-auction bank-owned properties in Indiana. Pre-foreclosure court filings are not visible to their non-paying users. Keystone tracks the court filing the day it hits the docket, weeks or months before any property reaches the auction stage those aggregators surface.
Methodology and full audit: Court-vs-aggregator coverage gap report.
Methodology and data sources
- Court filings are collected directly from Orange County court records, which are public information.
- Every filing in this dataset has been verified for current owner-of-record. Entity-owned filings (LLCs, trusts, banks) and properties where the named party is not the current owner are excluded.
- Property value figures come from third-party enrichment (1% coverage on this dataset).
- Individual case data, defendant names, and property addresses are not published. Reports show aggregated statistics only.
- The methodology page at /reports/methodology documents data sources, sample sizes, and known limitations in detail.
- This report was generated 2026-07-15 from the live database. Numbers reflect the dataset at that moment.
Related Indiana guides
Get the underlying Orange County filings
Subscribe to Orange County on Keystone Court Data and get day-of-filing access to every new property-related case as it hits the docket. One subscriber per county. 7-day free trial.
View Orange County availabilityWant updates when new reports publish? Subscribe to the research RSS feed or follow keystonecourtdata.com.
Cite: Keystone Court Data, "Orange County Indiana Court Filings Intelligence," 2026-07-15, https://keystonecourtdata.com/reports/orange-in-court-filings-intelligence · Download data (CSV)